广西：农民从“靠天吃饭”到“靠技生钱”******
光明日报记者 周仕兴 王瑾雯 光明日报通讯员 夏姚
“这本‘种植百宝书’，我经常拿出来翻阅。”拿着新型职业农民培训班的笔记本，广西龙胜泰弘农业开发专业合作社负责人邓凤权不禁感叹，“我虽然有十多年种地经验，但想要真正发展好种植产业，还是得懂技术、懂管理，这就要多参加培训学习。”
邓凤权是广西新型农民职业培训班的学员。经过专家培训指导后，他种植的百香果收获期从两期增长到三期，每亩增收5000元。“有了技术保障，再加上管理到位、销售渠道稳定，合作社带动周边500多家农户种植罗汉果、百香果3000多亩，帮助175户脱贫户增收。”邓凤权自豪地说。
新型职业农民培训，是世界银行结果导向型贷款广西扶贫示范项目推进过程中的重点部分。“通过组织农民参加职业培训，为贫困地区培养视野广阔、懂知识、善经营的新型职业农民，让他们更有底气开启现代化农业新篇章。”该项目负责人说。
“我们村土地资源丰富，有麻竹、泉水鱼、柑果等特色产业。新型职业农民培训为村民带来新的理论知识和技术，增收渠道多、后劲足，真正让大伙儿体会到劳动可致富、技术能生钱。”玉林市博白县浪平镇六江村党总支部书记廉祖旺说。
博白县实施“星期天工程师”合作模式，邀请了解农村、熟悉农业、贴近农民且具有实践经验的教授学者、乡土专家，利用周末和节假日开设讲座、驻点村屯，把脉乡村振兴存在的问题，指导农业产业发展、村庄规划建设和村民增收致富。通过培训，传统农民变新型农民，种植养殖技术得到提升，休闲农业知识、互联网现代农业知识得到增强。
在浦北县龙门镇陈皮生产基地，一筐筐柑橘皮在阳光下散发着阵阵清香。“我们这里素有‘扁柑之乡’美誉，非常适合大红柑生长。通过新型职业农民培训，涌现出一批从事大红柑产业的种植能手和陈皮营销好手。”浦北县农业技术推广研究员张兴财介绍。
“我们村从1984年就开始种植大红柑，现在种植面积3000多亩，2021年收入超过5000万元。通过新型职业农民培训及科技人员送技术下乡帮扶，大伙儿一技在身、信心满满。”龙门镇林塘村党总支部书记、村委主任容家良告诉记者，目前全村有100多户种植大红柑，8户年收入超百万元。
浦北县聚焦乡村振兴产业发展，坚持人才下沉、科技下乡，把科技特派员制度作为科技创新人才服务乡村振兴突破口，借力乡村振兴人才驿站，推动人才进村、入户、下田，把创新技术注入田间地头，为基层农村产业振兴提供了技术支撑。
由于不是传统柑橘种养区，马山县乔利乡三乐村农民种植技术参差不齐。为此，马山县邀请了科技专家、科技特派员到田间地头授课，教授学员柑橘栽培技术、病虫害防治和市场分析等知识。
村民韦明京通过培训后，一跃成为沃柑产业基地种植管理小组组长，负责传授小组成员沃柑种养技术。“我以前主要种玉米、稻谷，收成没有保证；自从学习柑橘种植技术后，现在每个月都有3000多元的固定工资收入。”韦明京高兴地说，自己从过去“靠天吃饭”的传统农民变为“按月领薪”的新型职业农民。
“新型职业农民培训，主要包括农业和农村服务、农产品加工等涉农工业、一二三产融合发展等。通过培训，农民掌握了农业先进实用技术，提高了生产技能和综合素质，为农村发展注入新动力。”马山县委常委、副县长，广西驻村工作队马山县工作队队长涂坤明说。
据介绍，世界银行结果导向型贷款广西扶贫示范项目累计完成新型职业农民培训41745人，完成总目标值的104.36%。
《光明日报》（ 2022年12月25日 06版）
中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******
中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。
资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄
由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。
麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。
一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。
此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。
作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。
美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。
这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。
从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。
两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。
House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy
(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".
The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.
Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.
On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.
On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.
Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.
As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.
But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.
CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.
This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.
Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.
From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.
Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.
The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.
